An infertility specialist addresses infertility concerns through systematic evaluations of both partners. Infertility affects men and women, so a complete assessment examines each person’s reproductive health rather than focusing on one individual alone. Learn more about understanding the infertility specialist’s approach to diagnosis.
Age of Patient
Age is one of the most significant factors in fertility for both men and women. It helps determine when patients should begin seeing a fertility specialist. If you have been trying to conceive and are at an advanced age, it may be time to see if conception issues are age-related.
Hormone Blood Testing
Hormones regulate nearly every aspect of reproduction, and blood tests offer valuable insight into how well the reproductive system is functioning. Specialists often time these tests to specific days of the menstrual cycle for the most accurate results. Key hormones evaluated include:
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Elevated levels may indicate diminished ovarian reserve in women or impaired sperm production in men.
- Luteinizing hormone (LH): This hormone triggers ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone production in men.
- Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH): AMH reflects the remaining egg supply and helps predict response to fertility medications.
- Estradiol: Measured alongside FSH, estradiol provides a fuller picture of ovarian function.
- Testosterone, prolactin, and thyroid hormones: Imbalances in these hormones can disrupt ovulation, sperm production, or both.
Together, these results help the specialist identify hormonal causes of infertility and tailor a treatment plan accordingly. A single blood level test can provide multiple results. Speak to your specialist if you have a blood disorder or want alternative testing to blood tests.
Semen Testing
Male factors contribute to some infertility cases, which makes semen analysis an essential part of every evaluation. This noninvasive test assesses sperm count, which measures concentration and motility, which reflects how well sperm move. Morphology, which evaluates the size and shape of sperm, as well as volume, are reviewed during testing.
Because sperm quality can vary from one sample to the next, specialists often repeat the test if results are abnormal. Further evaluation, such as hormone testing or genetic screening, may follow if a concern is confirmed. Up to 15% of infertile males may have no sperm count at all.
Ovulation Testing
Regular ovulation is necessary for natural conception. An infertility specialist begins by reviewing menstrual history, since irregular or absent periods often signal ovulation problems. Patients may be recommended at-home LH predictor kits to detect the hormone surge that precedes ovulation. In some cases, specialists track follicle growth through a series of ultrasounds to evaluate both the timing and quality of ovulation.
Ultrasounds (Both Genders)
Ultrasound imaging provides a safe, detailed view of the reproductive organs in both men and women. For women, a transvaginal ultrasound allows the specialist to count antral follicles, which helps estimate ovarian reserve. It can also reveal fibroids, polyps, ovarian cysts, or signs of PCOS. A saline sonohysterogram may be used to examine the uterine cavity more closely.
For men, a scrotal ultrasound evaluates the testicles and surrounding structures. It can detect varicoceles, which are enlarged veins that may impair sperm production, as well as blockages or other abnormalities. A transrectal ultrasound may be recommended by an infertility specialist when an obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts is suspected.
Visit an Infertility Specialist
Natural conception can sometimes be a challenge, but a clear diagnosis is the first step toward progress. An infertility specialist uses advanced testing to identify the factors affecting fertility in both partners. If you have been trying to conceive without success, scheduling a consultation with an infertility specialist can provide the answers and guidance you need.
